Unit Overview

Students solve two cell mysteries, determine the source of "mystery cells" in a lab setting, and engineer a new cell for a function of choice.

• Next Generation Science Standards

  MS-LS1-1

  Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells; either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on developing evidence that living things are made of cells, distinguishing between living and non living things, and understanding that living things may be made of one cell or many and varied cells.]

  MS-LS1-2

  Develop and use a model to describe the function of a cell as a whole and ways the parts of cells contribute to the function. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the cell functioning as a whole system and the primary role of identified parts of the cell, specifically the nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, cell membrane, and cell wall.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment of organelle structure/function relationships is limited to the cell wall and cell membrane. Assessment of the function of the other organelles is limited to their relationship to the whole cell. Assessment does not include the biochemical function of cells or cell parts.]

• Inquiry Scale
  • Each lesson in the unit has an Inquiry Scale that provides directions on how to implement the lesson at the level that works best for you and your students.
  • “Level 1” is the most teacher-driven, and recommended for students in 4th-5th grades. “Level 4” is the most student-driven, and recommended for students in 7th-8th grades.
  • For differentiation within the same grade or class, use different inquiry levels for different groups of students who may require additional support or an extra challenge.
• Common Misconceptions
  • Learners may initially think that humans are the only organisms made from cells. Emphasize that all living things are made of cells. This includes animals, plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria.
  • Learners may think that all living things are made of more than one cell. Emphasize to students that living things can be multicellular (made of many cells) or unicellular (made of one single cell). Bacteria, and select fungi and protist species, are examples of unicellular organisms.
  • Learners tend to think that movement is a key characteristic of life and therefore, if an object does not appear to move, it is not alive. This may lead to the belief that a plant is not alive. Emphasize to students that many living things don’t appear to be moving.
  • Learners may have previously seen diagrams of cells that assume all cells look alike, so differentiation in structure and function should be emphasized through this unit.
  • Learners find it difficult to make the connection between food, nutrients, and glucose. The idea that food is broken down into glucose, which is then used by cells to make energy, should be made explicit throughout the activities.
  • Learners find it difficult to understand that the mitochondria and cell membrane have their own functions, separate from the nucleus “directing” cell activities, which actually refers to the creation of protein products.
• Vocabulary
  • • Nucleus
    • Mitochondria
    • Muscle Cell
    • Small Intestine Cell
    • Brain Cell
    • Cell Membrane
• Content Expert
  • Anjelica Gonzalez, PhD
    Donna L. Dubinsky Associate Professor Biomedical Engineering Yale University
• Leveled Reading

  * To give our users the most comprehensive science resource, Mosa Mack is piloting a partnership with RocketLit, a provider of leveled science articles.

  • Things Get More Complicated When You're Older
    
    Your body is pretty smart. Just like each different person in a house might have different chores, your body has a division of labor that it can achieve through differentiation. You start out as a collection of stem cells that develop into each of the different cells that make up your body now.

  
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  • Little + Little = Bigger
    
    Your body is probably much more well organized than you'll ever be. Each cell is organized into tissues which come together to make organs that then work day and night as organ systems to keep you alive!

  
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  • You Know You're a Plant if You...
    
    If you find yourself looking in the mirror and realize you've got a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole. . . how are you even reading this? On a more serious note: Plant cells have a cell wall for structure and protection, chloroplasts to create food, and large vacuoles to store water and waste.

  
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  • We Live off of Plant Waste?
    
    In this article, students read about the basics of cellular respiration. The article describes how cells use glucose and oxygen in their mitochondria to get the energy they need to live.

  
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  • Let's See What You're Made of
    
    Living things come in many different shapes and sizes. Some (like you) are made of many cells, but other are just one single cell. You may not be able to see each of these organisms, or the small parts that you're composed of without a microscope.

  
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  • Different Kinds of Building Blocks
    
    Both plants and animals are made of building blocks that we call cells. Both plant and animal cells have unique characteristics and also many similarities.

  
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  • Living Energy
    
    Many of the living things we see around us either eat food or make food and then have to break it down. We have special parts of our cells, called mitochondria, that help with this and allow us to create usable energy in a process called cellular respiration.

  
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  • IT'S ALIIIIIVE
    
    How do we decide what is alive? Some of the criteria we have is that they must develop, reproduce and use energy. Each of the living things we've found on earth is made of cells and we can call an organism.

  
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  • Keeping Us Alive
    
    The balance that living things must maintain on the inside is called Homeostasis. Each of your cells and organs has a specific job, or function, which allows them to specialize and become a pro at whatever they do.

  
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